Cov ntsiab lus:
Cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog Ca2 {{2}}, Mg2 {{3}}, K+, Na+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Pb2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Cu2+. Muaj ntau ntau 170 hom kev paub los ntawm cov zaub mov sulfate. Txawm hais tias lawv tsuas yog suav rau 0.1 % ntawm tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm lub ntiaj teb' s ua kiav txhab, gypsum, anhydrite, barite, thiab cesardite hauv lawv tuaj yeem tau ntxiv rau hauv kev tso nyiaj ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam. Feem ntau ntawm cov zaub mov sulfate yog cov ntsev nrog cov kev sib xyaw ua ke, yog li ntawd cov qauv siv lead ua nrog cov neeg kawm tsis tshua zoo yog feem ntau monoclinic thiab orthorhombic. Thiab vim tias feem ntau cov zaub mov sulfate muaj cov dej, nws lub cev muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws yog cov tsis muaj tawv, feem ntau ntawm 2-3.5. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov xim feem ntau tsis muaj xim thiab dawb, thiab lub ntiajteb txawj nqus feem ntau tsis loj, ntawm 2-4. Qhov tsim ntawm cov tshuaj sulfate yuav tsum muaj cov pa oxygen siab thiab qhov ntsuas kub tsawg, yog li ntawd cov nplaim ib qho chaw yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov tshuaj sulfate. Hauv hom pob zeb no, qhov kev xav sab nraud yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj nyob rau sab hauv. Ntawm lawv, sulfate minerals tsim los ntawm oxidation ntawm thawj cov hlau sulfides suav rau yuav luag ib nrab ntawm cov hom zaub mov no. Cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj sulfate ntau ntau hauv cov dej hiav txwv yog qhov tseem ceeb hydrous sulfates ntawm potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, barium, thiab txhuas. Raws li rau lub sulfate cov zaub mov ntawm endogenous hydrothermal keeb kwm, lawv tsuas yog anhydrous sulfates xws li barium, calcium, strontium, thiab txhuas, uas pom nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-nruab nrab kub hydrothermal veins los yog raws li cov khoom lag luam ntawm tsawg-kub hydrothermal phab ntsa pob zeb hloov.
Ua:
Cov pob hluav taws xob tawg yuav tawm cov leej faj, thiab cov leej faj yuav hlawv los tsim cov leej faj. Thaum cov leej faj dioxide ntsib cov dej nqus pa, cov kua dej sulfurous yog tsim. Sulfurous acid yog oxidized los ntawm oxygen nyob rau hauv huab cua rau sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid reacts nrog cov hlau oxide hauv ntiaj teb' s s daim tawv nqaij los ua sulfates.